在不可预知的太平洋 In the unpredictable Pacific,
即使是最完美的计划也有代价 even the best laid plans have a price.
他们开始尖叫，制造可怕的噪音 They began screaming and making awful noises.
我很高兴能活着离开那个鬼地方 I was glad to be alive when I got off that damn place.
美国同时为争夺两个岛屿而战 America fights for two islands at once
以期把日本拉入可攻击的距离以内 to claw within striking distance of Japan.
就看这些新战机能否起飞 If these new warplanes can get off the ground.
我们上一批的那些机组人员没能回来 Crews who had gone before us did not come back.
用彩色战斗镜头… With color combat footage...
…和将军的私家录像 ...and a general's own home movies,
聆听声音，感受战斗 hear the voices and feel the fight.
海滩上一片火海 The beach was a sheet of flame,
仿佛整座岛都着火了 as though the island was on fire.
【全彩太平洋战争】 （五）进攻距离
这是1944年在印度的私家录像 These are home movies of India in 1944.
旅行者捕捉到各种镜头，从街头的孩子 The traveler captures everything from street kids
到泰姬陵 to the Taj Mahal.
但这位拍摄者并不是一般的游客 But the filmmaker is not a typical tourist.
他是美国空军的将军，柯蒂斯·勒梅 This is general Curtis Lemay of the U.S. Army Air Forces.
他的个人影片藏于史密森尼档案馆 His personal films from the Smithsonian archives
之前从未公布过 have never been broadcast before.
这些揭露了他新的机密任务 They reveal his new classified assignment.
此项目是最高机密 The project was top secret,
我对此一无所知，直到1944年7月接到了前往印度的命令 and I knew nothing of it until I got orders to go over to India in July 1944.
时年37岁，他是军队里最年轻的将军之一 At age 37, he's one of the youngest generals in the Army.
他刚被派往印度执行一项大胆的任务 He's just been sent to India on a daring mission--
从那里出发轰炸日本 bomb Japan from here.
理论上，这几乎不太可能 On paper, it's possible, barely.
美国人正在秘密研发B-29 Americans are secretly developing the B-29,
它被称为超级堡垒 known as the superfortress.
这是迄今为止研制的射程最远的轰炸机 It's the longest-range bomber ever developed.
理论上，它可以轰炸1500英里以外的目标 In theory, it could bomb targets more than 1,500 miles away.
但这架飞机被紧急投入使用 But the airplane is being rushed into service,
未经验证且不可预测 unproven and unpredictable.
就准备战斗而言，情况很糟糕 It was in pretty bad shape insofar as being ready for combat.
B-29机组人员想知道，他们签定的是尖端飞机 B-29 crews wonder if they've signed up for a cutting-edge airplane,
还是个死亡陷阱 or a death trap.
我们上一批的机组，人不太多，没能回来 Crews who had gone before us, and there weren't too many, did not come back.
尽管遇到挫折，美国仍不顾一切打击日本 Despite the setbacks, America is desperate to strike Japan.
柯蒂斯·勒梅将试图让3000英里外的印度成为跳板 Curtis Lemay will try to make India the springboard, more than 3,000 miles away.
毫不夸张地说，这将是一个远程攻击 It will be, quite literally, a long shot.
太平洋战争的另一个焦点 Another flash point in the Pacific War
是离日本更近的马里亚纳群岛 is far closer to Japan -- the Mariana islands.
塞班岛已经在美国控制之下 One island is already under American control--Saipan.
现在它被转变成一个前沿基地 It's now being transformed into a forward base
可以发射B-29轰炸机对抗日本 that could launch the B-29 against Japan.
日军仍然占据着附近两个岛屿，威胁到美国的空中行动 Japanese still occupy two nearby islands that threaten American air operations.
天宁岛有4个机场，是关键目标 Tinian has four airfields, making it a key target.
关岛也有机场，但它的价值不只是战术上的 Guam also has airfields, but its value is more than tactical.
还有私人价值 it's personal.
关岛在战前是美国领土，有一个海军基地 Before the war, Guam was a U.S. territory with a Marine base.
这是珍贵的战前彩色影片 This rare prewar color film
展示了当地的孩子们在首都阿加纳为军人游行 shows local kids parading for military personnel in the capital, Agana.
关岛土著查莫罗人都是美国公民 Guamanian natives, the Chamorros, are American nationals.
但是在1941年，日本占领了关岛 But in 1941, the Japanese overran Guam
就在珍珠港袭击的三天之后 just three days after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
这部新闻短片在宣传胜利 This newsreel touts the victory.
两万美国平民立即成为日本臣民 20,000 American civilians instantly became Japanese subjects.
他们被迫学习日语 They have been forced to learn Japanese
在枪口下挖掘防御工事 and dig defenses at gunpoint.
现在美国人已经准备好复仇了 Now the Americans are ready for revenge.
800多艘船环绕着马里亚纳群岛 More than 800 ships surround the Marianas,
太平洋上集结了迄今为止最大的舰队 the biggest armada yet gathered in the Pacific.
登陆前的轰炸是无情的 Prelanding bombardment is ruthless.
这一次，摄影机从上方捕捉到 This time, cameras capture Agana from above,
阿加纳遭受前占领者攻击的画面 being pummeled by its former occupiers.
美国正在展示其日益强大的空中和海上力量 America is flexing its growing air and sea power,
但他们的人力资源正在减少 but its manpower is eroding.
塞班岛之战死伤惨重 The battle for Saipan took a heavy toll.
现在他们计划为两个岛屿同时作战 Now they plan to fight for two islands at once--
关岛和天宁岛 Guam and Tinian.
刚从新兵训练营出来的替补部队涌入 Replacement troops pour in, fresh from boot camp.
他们想从退伍老兵那里了解情况 They try to get a read on what it's like from the veterans.
他们试图和我们聊聊天 They were trying to engage some of us into a little conversation,
问“这里怎么样？那里怎么样？” asking "what's it like here? what's it like here?"
我们没法说什么 and we didn't say much.
日本也感受到了压力 Japan also feels the strain.
在天宁岛，9000名士兵完全被美国海军的封锁包围 On Tinian, 9,000 troops are completely surrounded by the American naval blockade.
日本军队大约一半是海军，一半是陆军 Japanese troops are about half Navy and half Army.
他们讨厌在一起合作 They loathe working together.
他们有不同的防守计划 They have different defensive plans
互相偷对方的补给 and steal each other's provisions.
但他们在保卫祖国的热情上仍然团结 But they are still united in their fervor to defend the homeland.
一个士兵写道…… One soldier writes...
我们在敌人不断的轰炸下度过了20天 We have spent 20 days under unceasing enemy bombardment,
但是人人都充满斗志 but everyone is full of fighting spirit.
现在他们在等待美国人来考验他们的勇气 Now they wait for the Americans to test their mettle.
一些美国人已经受了大量考验 Some of the Americans are already plenty tested.
以前登陆作战过的老兵 Veterans of previous invasions
想知道他们还能在海滩上存活多少次 wonder how many times they can storm a beach and survive.
在进攻之前，他们早上4点给你吃牛排和鸡蛋 Before an invasion, they feed you steak and eggs at 4:00 in the morning.
就像一个人要上电椅了一样 It's like a guy going to the electric chair or something.
我在塔拉瓦受了伤 Well, I'd been wounded at Tarawa,
在塞班岛负伤 been wounded on Saipan,
这是我第三次吃牛排和鸡蛋了 and this was my third time getting steak and eggs,
结果我尿了一身 and I just urinated all over myself.
我是说我当时有多害怕 I mean, that's how scared I was.
我在发抖 I was shaking.
1944年7月24日
天宁岛的登陆日被俗称为吉日 Invasion day on Tinian is nicknamed Jig-day.
这支庞大的部队正逼近唯一足够宽的海滩 The massive force approaches the only beaches wide enough
以便进行大规模的两栖登陆 for a large-scale amphibious landing.
日军正在这里等着 Here, the Japanese are waiting.
船只撞上了他们的防御工事 Ships run into the teeth of their defenses.
科罗拉多号战舰遭受毁灭性打击 The battleship Colorado takes a devastating hit
43名水手丧生 that kills 43 sailors.
她得一瘸一拐地回塞班岛 She has to limp back to Saipan.
美军继续行动 Americans press on.
陆战队员顺着网爬上登陆艇 Marines climb down nets into landing craft.
他们向海岸驶去 They head for shore.
然后他们停下了 Then they stop.
船只开始撤退 Ships begin pulling back.
日本守军想知道发生了什么 A Japanese defender wonders what's going on.
敌舰离开后，一片寂静 It becomes quiet after the enemy warships leave.
也许敌人在撤退 Maybe the enemy is retreating.
但他们不是 They are not.
这是一次大规模的佯攻 It's a large-scale diversion.
与此同时，海军陆战队正悄悄接近 天宁岛北部的狭窄海滩 At the same time, marines are quietly approaching Tinian's narrow northern beaches.
美军从未尝试过在这么窄的海滩上大规模两栖登陆 Americans have never attempted a major amphibious landing on such narrow beaches.
领导层就这些方案是否有效展开了激烈辩论 Leadership hotly debated if they would work.
部队的登陆艇几乎只能单排进入 Troop tractors have to come in almost single file.
查尔斯·帕斯正准备跳到一片裸露的沙地上 Charles Pase is about to jump onto an exposed patch of sand.
海滩很小 The beach was tiny.
是那种你带你女朋友去裸泳的地方 It was the kind you take your girlfriend to go skinny-dipping.
仅有钢盔和棉制军服防护 Protected only by steel helmets and cotton uniforms,
士兵们被困在狭窄的海滩上 men are bottled up on the narrow beaches.
可能很快就演变成一场屠杀 It could quickly turn into a slaughter.
但是抵抗很微弱 But resistance is light.
日本人被愚弄了 The Japanese are fooled.
至当日为止，超过15000名士兵已经登陆 By day's end, more than 15,000 troops are ashore,
超过了天宁岛上的日本守军人数 already outnumbering the entire Japanese force on Tinian.
还有25000人正在路上 25,000 more are on the way.
这是一次重大的战术胜利 It's a major tactical victory,
但他们并没有放松 but they aren't relaxing.
夜间反攻在其他岛屿上也很常见 Nighttime counterattacks have been common on other islands.
海军陆战队在沙子里挖筑工事 Marines dig into the sand,
抑制住想睡觉的冲动，并且等待着 fight off the urge to sleep, and wait.
1944年7月25日
日军没让人失望 The Japanese don't disappoint.
头天晚上，他们向北跑去迎战入侵的美军 The first night, they race north to meet the invading Americans.
数千人在黑暗中对海军陆战队发起了血腥的万岁攻击 Thousands rush the marines in a bloody banzai assault in the darkness.
这是一场近身肉搏战 It's a close-fisted rumble of hand-to-hand combat.
天亮后揭示了后果 Daylight reveals the aftermath.
不需要坦克 You don't need tanks.
只需要殡仪人员 You need undertakers.
我从没见过死了这么多日本人 I never saw so many dead Japs.
一夜的疯狂，美军杀死了1200名日本人 In one frantic night, Americans kill 1,200 Japanese,
是天宁岛的七分之一的防御力量 one seventh of the entire defense force on Tinian.
夜间袭击很可怕 The night attacks are terrifying,
但海军陆战队开始期待他们的到来 but marines begin to hope for them.
他们宁愿一波接一波地消灭日本人 They'd rather wipe out the Japanese in waves
而不是把他们一个个从藏身处挖出来 than dig them out of hiding, one by one.
日本也在空中发动了几次突袭 Japan also launches a few surprise attacks in the air.
他们意志顽强，但被消灭 They are determined, but decimated.
想要偷偷接近拥有800艘军舰的海军是很难的 It's hard to sneak up on an 800-ship navy.
如果他们在我们附近坠毁 If they crashed close to us,
我们会派人去救他们，把他们带回来 we sent someone out to rescue them and bring them in.
当他们上船后，海军陆战队员会看守他们 When they came aboard our ship, marines stood guard over them
然后带他们去审问 and would take them in to interrogate.
自从一个月前在菲律宾海战中遭受重大损失后 Since taking heavy losses in the battle of the Philippine sea a month earlier,
日本的空中力量正在减弱 Japan's air power is weakening.
美国希望在天宁岛进行致命一击 On Tinian, America hopes to land the killer blow.
天宁岛的4个机场是主要目标 Tinian's four airfields are the key target.
离登陆海滩最近的是牛角港 The one closest to the landing beaches is Ushi Point.
美军预计会有顽强的抵抗 Americans expect stiff resistance.
相反，他们发现的是无人防守，狂风肆虐的鬼城 Instead, they find an undefended, windblown ghost town.
美军在废墟中挖掘 Americans poke through its ruins.
现在轰炸机让位给了建筑工人 Now bombers give way to builders.
一个海军建设营铺设了一条4700英尺的跑道 A naval construction battalion lays down a 4,700-foot runway.
虽然现在小型飞机在牛角港来来往往 While smaller planes now come and go from Ushi Point,
着陆跑道对于美国的新型飞机B-29已经足够长了 the landing strip is long enough for America's newest plane, the B-29.
大约一年后，就会有一架从这个地方起飞 About a year from now, one will take off from this very spot--
它的名字叫艾诺拉·盖伊号 its name, the Enola Gay.
有了牛角港在手 With Ushi Point in hand,
美国在马里亚纳还有另一个空军基地 Americans have yet another air base in the Marianas.
飞机在天宁岛上井然有序的农业景观上空飞行 Planes buzz over Tinian's orderly agricultural landscape.
这里一点也不像布干维尔、瓜达康纳尔 或婆罗洲的丛林 It was nothing like the jungle at Bougainville or Guadalcanal or Borneo
或者其他那些地方 or any of those places.
敌人仍有许多藏身之处 The enemy still has many places to hide,
于是飞机横越小岛，拍了一张又一张照片 so planes cut across the island and take picture after picture.
一卷卷的胶片变成了大量的情报 Rolls of film become reams of intelligence.
照片变得和野战武器一样重要 Photos become as important as field weapons.
专家们把它们变成了精确的地图 Experts turn them into accurate maps.
有些是立体图像 Some are stereoscopic pictures.
立体画以浮雕的形式表现风景 A stereogram shows the landscape in relief
甚至能揭露一个伪装的藏身之处 and can even reveal a camouflaged hideout.
以前的进攻如塔拉瓦，更像是在黑暗中摸索 Previous invasions like Tarawa were more like fumbling in the dark.
对天宁岛来说，他们拥有太平洋上 For Tinian, they have the clearest picture
被入侵岛屿的最清晰图像 yet of any island invaded in the pacific.
但有一个威胁还没出现 But there is one threat that remains out of sight
直到一切都太晚了…… until it's too late...
地雷 ...mines.
随着美国对海洋和天空的控制日益加强 With America's increasing control of the sea and sky,
日本人想尽一切办法减缓他们的前进速度 the Japanese try to slow their advance any way they can.
他们使用反坦克雷 They use anti-tank mines,
水雷 underwater mines,
和杀人地雷 and antipersonnel mines.
没经验的人最危险 The inexperienced are the most in danger.
我们听到一声巨响，回头一看 We heard a boom and looked back,
其中一个替补队员踩到了地雷 and one of the replacements had stepped on a mine.
甚至没人知道他的名字 Nobody even knew his name.
天宁岛上到处都是 Tinian is riddled with them.
海军陆战队员用自己的炸药安全地引爆 Marines use their own explosives to detonate them safely.
大多数地雷是临时制作的 Most mines are improvised.
很多都是哑雷 many are duds.
比起伤亡，它们更让人头疼 They cause more headaches than casualties,
但每一个都像是减速带 but each one is like a speed bump.
在它安全爆炸前谁都不能前进 No one advances until it's exploded safely.
同样拖慢美军进展的还有甘蔗 Also slowing the Americans is sugar cane.
从空中看是一片有序的田野 Fields that look orderly from the air
但在地面上则是茂密的灌木丛 are dense thickets on the ground.
敌人可能藏在其中10英尺高的任何地方 The enemy could be hiding anywhere within the 10-foot stalks.
但海军陆战队员维克多·马哈吉安扭转了局面 But marine Victor Maghakian turns the tables
并将甘蔗作为自己的优势 and uses the sugar cane to his advantage.
我去侦察 I went on a reconnaissance
发现了一大批敌人的巡逻队 and spotted a large enemy patrol.
他们在离我排50英尺的地方就位 They moved into position about 50 feet from my platoon.
他们在挖洞，发出很大的噪音 They were digging in, making lots of noise,
没想到我们离得这么近 and didn't suspect that we were so close.
我传回消息，看我的信号开火 I passed the word down to fire upon my signal.
我们以最快的速度扣动扳机，让他们享受开火 We opened up and let them have it as fast as we could pull our triggers.
齐膝高的火苗冲进了甘蔗田 Knee-high grazing fire into the cane field.
他们开始尖叫，发出可怕的噪音 They began screaming and making awful noises.
第二天早上，我们发现了35到40具日本人的尸体 Next morning, we found between 35 and 40 dead Japs.
我们一个人都没损失 I did not lose a man.
在宁静的天宁岛腹地 In the quiet interior of Tinian,
你发出的任何声音都可能是你的最后一声 any sound you make could be your last.
但在沿海地区，美国人正在制造一种工业喧嚣 But on the coast, Americans are making an industrious racket.
我们不得不派两个师上岸 We had to put two divisions ashore
穿过这些几乎不存在的海滩 across these almost nonexistent beaches.
着陆区面积很小 You had very little landing area.
工程师们想出了答案 Engineers come up with the answer.
这是浮筒堤，一个临时的码头 This is a pontoon causeway, a temporary floating pier.
船可以像停靠码头一样停在那 Ships can pull up to it like a dock
并卸下从食物到重型机械的所有东西 and unload everything from food to heavy machinery.
一艘船在6分钟内卸下30辆卡车 One ship unloads 30 trucks in just 6 minutes.
无数的货物现在可以从塞班岛送到天宁岛 Countless boxes can now move from Saipan to Tinian
不用碰任何人的手 without ever touching anyone's hands.
对小海滩成为瓶颈的担忧很快就消除了 Fears of the small beaches becoming a choke point are soon dispelled.
有了浮堤，补给源源不断地涌进来 With pontoon causeways, supplies are flooding in without a hitch.
工程师们不只在供应线上工作 Engineers aren't just working on the supply line.
他们还研究武器 They're working on weapons.
常规炸弹要求精确无误 Conventional bombs demand pinpoint accuracy.
但通过视觉定位是很棘手的 But targeting by sight is tricky.
美军经常投掷数枚炸弹，只希望能蒙中目标 Americans often drop several bombs and hope one hits the mark.
在天宁战役期间 During the battle of Tinian,
军官们聚集在塞班岛观看这部影片 officers gather on Saipan to watch this film.
这是一种新型武器的现场测试 It shows the field-testing of a new type of weapon.
它被称为凝固汽油弹 It's called napalm,
一种粘性凝胶和燃料的混合可燃物 a combustible mixture of sticky gel and fuel
设计用来扩散和燃烧 designed to spread and burn.
美国人使用火焰已轻车熟路 Americans have no problem using fire.
已有火焰喷射器和喷火坦克 It's already pouring out of flamethrowers and tanks.
但这是一个全新的破坏程度 But this is a whole new level of destruction.
现在一架飞机可以变成一条龙 Now an airplane can become a dragon.
只需一口气，它就能让一座桥燃烧起来…… With one breath, it can set a bridge ablaze...
…在水上点火…… ...set water on fire...
或者把一片绿色的土地变成烧焦的死寂地带 ...or turn a field of green earth into a lifeless, charred dead zone
没人可以躲藏的地方 where no one can hide.
看完影片后，塞班岛的军官们毫不犹豫 After watching this film, the brass on Saipan don't hesitate.
订购了8500磅 They order 8,500 pounds of it.
不到一年，美国在太平洋使用凝固汽油弹 Inside of a year, America's use of napalm in the Pacific
会像野火一样蔓延 will spread like wildfire.
1944年7月29日
美军已经走过了大半个岛 Americans are more than halfway through the island.
敌人可能藏在岛上高大甘蔗田中的任何地方 The enemy could be hiding anywhere in the island's tall sugar cane fields.
坦克提供了更高的有利位置和额外的火力 Tanks offer a higher vantage point and extra firepower.
士兵们喜欢给他们的坦克命名 Crews like to name their tanks.
隆隆穿过天宁岛的是“恶风”和“金刚” Rumbling through Tinian are "Ill Wind" and "King Kong."
驾驶员和枪手藏身其中在岛上游荡 Tucked inside, drivers and gunmen roam the island,
系统地扫荡一个又一个目标 systematically engaging target after target.
美军缓慢而坚实地稳定推进 The American advance is a steady, grinding push,
但日军正准备用致命的力量进行反击 but the Japanese are about to strike back with sudden fatal force.
在一片空旷的土地上 Across an exposed landscape,
日军反击的选择是有限的 Japanese options for counterattacks are limited.
他们倾向于退回到更容易防御的位置 They tend to fall back to more defensible positions.
天宁岛上很少有南海岸这样的悬崖峭壁 On Tinian, there are few, except the cliffs on the southern coast.
这里是日军进行最后一搏的地方 This is where the Japanese make their ferocious last stand.
迫击炮带着威胁的哨声如雨点般落下 Mortars rain down with a menacing whistle.
美军的伤亡人数开始激增 American casualties begin to spike.
在之前的岛屿上，悬崖搏斗代价高昂 On previous islands, cliff fighting proved costly,
所以在天宁岛，他们改善了策略 so on Tinian, they sharpen their strategy.
指挥官命令地面部队躲在散兵坑里 Leaders order ground troops to hunker down in their foxholes.
然后他们叫来了海军 Then they call in the Navy.
在两个半小时里 For two and a half hours,
5艘船协同进行全面轰击 five ships coordinate an all-out firestorm.
615吨炮弹落在悬崖上 615 tons of shells crash into the cliffs.
从塞班岛来的飞机又投掷了69吨 Planes launched from Saipan drop another 69 tons.
火力比在塔拉瓦或塞班岛的任何地方都要集中 The concentration of fire is more intense than anything seen on Tarawa or Saipan.
当烟雾散去，陆战队员收到了向悬崖前进的信号 As the smoke clears, marines get the signal to advance on the cliffs.
不知何故，日本的枪炮逃过了海军的炮击 Somehow, the Japanese guns have survived the Navy assault.
有一处一直在肆无忌惮地开火 One keeps firing with impunity,
但美军却找不到 and Americans can't find it.
陆战队已进入悬崖，海军不能再地毯式开火了 With marines on the cliff, the Navy can no longer use blanket fire.
水手们只能远远地旁观 Sailors can only watch helplessly from afar.
我们亲眼目睹了山头上的战斗 We witnessed the fighting on the mountains up above us
炮战和射击 and the cannons and the firing
还有大喊大叫 and the hollering.
离这儿有两三英里远 It was two or three miles away,
但你在海上也能听到 but you could hear it out at sea.
虽然被压制，但离提天宁岛的胜利已近在咫尺 Pinned down but so close to victory on Tinian,
少数海军陆战队员决定自己出击 a handful of marines take matters into their own hands.
有一人跳起来，跑出10码，然后倒地 One jumps up, runs ten yards, and drops on his belly.
另一个也一样，超过了第一个 Another does the same, leapfrogging past the first.
没有计划，没有命令 And without a plan, without orders,
他们跌跌撞撞地向日军的大炮走去 they zigzag toward the Japanese gun.
最后他们终于靠近，并指出位置 Finally they get close enough to point it out.
一辆坦克乍现 A tank blasts away.
然后海军的大炮发射 then the Navy launches big shells at it.
地堡周围有20具尸体 20 bodies surround the bunker,
混凝土掩体里藏着47毫米的反坦克炮 a concrete dugout hiding a 47-millimeter anti-tank gun
从一个狭窄的洞口向外射击 that fired out of a narrow hole.
这几乎是坚不可摧的 It's almost indestructible.
随着最后一个山脊被美军控制 With the last ridge finally under American control,
战斗大部分已经结束 the bulk of the battle is over.
1944年8月1日
天宁岛战役只持续了9天 The campaign for Tinian takes nine days.
389名美国人阵亡，1800多人受伤 389 Americans are killed, and more than 1,800 wounded.
天宁岛没有塞班岛那么致命 Tinian is not as deadly as Saipan,
不像塔拉瓦那么令人震惊 not as shocking as Tarawa,
不像硫磺岛那么臭名昭著 not as infamous as Iwo Jima,
但对于被留在十字架下的那些人来说 but for the men left here under white crosses,
这是他们战争的结束 it's the end of their war.
升旗是胜利的象征 Raising the flag is a symbol of victory,
但这并不是暴力的终结 but not the end of violence.
美军将继续寻找遍藏天宁岛各处的日军 Americans will continue to find Japanese troops hiding all over Tinian.
海军陆战队的一个团负责被称为扫荡的单调任务 A Marine regiment pulls the unglamorous duty called mop-up.
在一场官方宣称持续不到两周的战斗之后 After a battle that officially lasted less than two weeks,
他们将再花5个月的时间在岛上穿行数次 they will spend five more months crisscrossing the island several times,
平均每天消灭4个日军的据点 killing an average of almost four Japanese holdouts every day.
我们不得不把他们炸出来 We had to blow them out, explode them out.
他们没人愿意投降 None of them would surrender.
查尔斯·帕斯是吉日登陆部队的一员 Charles Pase was on the Jig-Day invasion force
留在天宁岛扫荡 and stays for mop-up on Tinian.
我们在悬崖上安装了大喇叭，可以俯瞰这些洞穴 We had big loudspeakers up on the cliffs overlooking these caves
翻译告诉他们：举起手来 and interpreters telling them to come out with their hands up.
现在，士兵和平民终于从狭窄的海岸隐匿处出现了 here, soldiers and civilians finally emergefrom a cramped coastal hideout,
在美国人宣布胜利将近三周后 almost three weeks after Americans declare victory.
由于远离战火，他们不知道哪一方获胜 Hidden from the war, they have no idea which side is winning.
许多人衣衫褴褛 Many are in rags.
一些人穿着商务装出来 A few come out in business attire.
但他们都在新的占领者手中，享有未知的未来 But they all now share an unknown future under a new occupier.
虽然敌人还藏在个别地方 Although the enemy still hides in small pockets,
但天宁岛的主要目标牢牢掌握在美军手中 Tinian's main objectives are firmly in American hands--
机场 the airfields.
1941年，日本发动了一次大胆的进攻 In 1941, Japan staged an audacious advance
就是从天宁岛的机场横跨了太平洋 across the Pacific from these very airfields on Tinian.
现在美国人将利用它们向东京推进 Now Americans will use them to push back towards Tokyo.
大部分被烧毁的日本零式战斗机都被抛到一边 Most of the burned-out Japanese Zeros have been swept aside
取而代之的是一排排的美国战机 and replaced by long rows of American fighters,
像休息的蝴蝶一样收起翅膀 wings folded up like resting butterflies.
它们不会休眠太久 They won't be dormant for long.
马里亚纳群岛很快将成为 The Marianas will soon become
美国在太平洋中部空中力量的最新和最大的枢纽 the latest and largest hub of American air power in the Central Pacific.
考虑到亚洲大陆的情况 Given what's happening on mainland Asia,
这些转变来得越快越好 The transition can't come soon enough.
柯蒂斯·勒梅是一颗冉冉升起的新星 Curtis Lemay is a rising star.
在欧洲的战场，他被提升为少将 In the European theater, he was promoted to major general,
是陆军里最年轻的一个 one of the youngest in the army.
这些是他的私人影片 These are his own personal films,
透露了他在印度的最高机密任务 revealing his new top secret assignment in India.
——使用未经验证的新型B-29轰炸机 His mission--use the unproven new B-29 bomber
袭击3000多英里之外的日本 to strike Japan,more than 3,000 miles away.
这一策略实际上是延伸的 The strategy is literally a stretch.
计划飞机从印度起飞 The plan is to launch the planes from India,
飞越喜马拉雅山，在中国着陆 fly over the Himalayas, and land in China.
他们会在那里补充燃料 There, they will refuel,
飞越中国的日本占领区，并打击日本 fly over Japanese-occupied Chinese territory, and strike Japan.
在中国西部的某个地方 Somewhere in Western China,
这些农民把饱和的稻田变成了机场 these farmers transformed saturated rice paddies into airfields.
美国新闻片捕捉到在各个机场工作的一万名中国人的片段 American newsreels capture some of the 10,000 Chinese working on each airfield,
用从河里拖出来的石头手工建造跑道 building runways by hand with stones hauled out of the river.
工人用从汽车上取下的轮胎拉着马车 There were workers pulling wagons with tires they had taken from cars,
汽车现在已经没用了，因为没有汽油 which were now useless because there was no longer any gasoline.
石头是唯一可用的资源 Rocks are about the only resource available,
因为日本控制着周边的供给路线 since Japan controls the surrounding supply routes.
想运进任何东西都不容易 There's no easy way to import anything,
包括机场的命脉——燃料 including an airfield's lifeblood--fuel.
所以从印度来的B-29基本上是输送补给 So the B-29s coming from India are basically supply planes,
携带的是燃料而不是炸弹 carrying fuel instead of bombs
越过被称为“驼峰”的世界最高山脉 over the tallest mountain range in the world, nicknamed The Hump.
B-29领航员大卫·布莱登对问题了如指掌 B-29 navigator David Braden knows the problem firsthand.
每一加仑汽油我们都可以用B-29拖过驼峰 For every gallon of gas we could haul over The Hump in a B-29,
但飞机本身需要耗费两加仑汽油 it took two gallons of gas for the plane to fly it over.
数学上这是无法持久的 The math isn't sustainable,
但是轰炸日本的热情压倒了后勤麻烦 but the enthusiasm to bomb Japan overrules the logistics.
他们继续执行计划 They proceed with the plan.
空袭始于1944年夏天 The raids begin in the summer of 1944.
经过多次的尝试和失误， B-29的承诺终于实现了 After so much trial and error,the B-29's promise is finally in the air,
科特·勒梅的策略即将上线 and Curt Lemay's strategy is on the line.
我们认为，如果空中力量战略上运用得当 We believed that if strategic air power were properly applied,
不必在战场上耗费那么多美国人的性命 an enemy could be defeated without having to expend
就能打败敌人 as many American lives on the battlefields.
一个B-29中队终于进入日本领空 A squadron of B-29s finally makes it into Japanese airspace.
美国寄予了厚望 America has high hopes.
这是自从1942年杜利特突袭以来 These are the first air strikes on mainland Japan
第一次对日本本土的空袭 since the Doolittle raid of 1942.
那次突袭的破坏力并不大 That raid didn't destroy much.
两年后的今天，美国又遇到了同样的问题 Now, two years later, America runs into the same problems.
目标情报参差不齐 Target intelligence is spotty.
云层妨碍了良好的视线 Clouds prevent good sighting.
风把炸弹吹离了轨道 Winds blow the bombs off course.
有些人错位了20英里 Some miss by 20 miles.
在起自中国的9次独立突袭中 In nine separate raids from China,
只有5%的炸弹击中了目标 only five percent of the bombs hit their targets.
很多次都没能成功 A lot of it didn't work,
他们得付出惨痛的代价才知道 and they just had to find out the hard way.
这是日本人拍摄的突袭后的画面 this is Japanese footage of one raid's aftermath.
这不是轰炸造成的毁坏 It's not bomb damage.
是一架在中国东部坠毁的B-29 It's a fallen B-29 in Eastern China.
这是在战斗中测试新飞机的代价 This is the price of testing a new airplane in combat.
如果我们没了液压油，螺旋桨就会飞走 If we lost hydraulic fluid, the prop would fly off.
有时整个该死的引擎都失灵了 Sometimes the whole damned engine seized
从机翼上扭了下来 and twisted right out of the wing.
从中国出发的突袭中，近100架B-29因机械故障而坠毁 In raids from China, nearly 100 B-29s are lost to mechanical failure.
这种珍贵的秘密飞机的碎片，现在散布在敌人的领土上 Pieces of this precious secret airplane are now strewn across enemy territory,
以及飞行员的遗体 along with the remains of its crew.
这就是二战中最昂贵的武器项目的状态 This is the state of the most expensive weapons program of World War II.
现在，这个投资看起来像是30亿美元的一厢情愿 Right now, it looks like a $3 billion investment in wishful thinking.
科特·勒梅的工作就是设法扭转局面 Curt Lemay's job is to turn things around somehow.
终于能轰炸日本真是太棒了 It was great to finally be able to bomb Japan,
但我们必须要做得更多更好 but we would have to do better, a lot better.
他有一些想法 He has some ideas,
但首先他需要把行动从遥远的南亚机场 but first he needs to move his operation from the distant airfields of South Asia
转移到马里亚纳群岛，就在日本的门口 to the Mariana islands, right on Japan's doorstep.
除非等到美国人夺回关岛 He can't until Americans take back Guam.
1944年7月21日
关岛战役几乎与天宁岛战役同时进行 The battle for Guam is nearly simultaneous to Tinian.
登陆日被称为W日 The landing is called W-Day.
两年多前当日本人占领关岛时 When the Japanese took Guam more than two years ago,
当时只有不到500名美国士兵在那里守卫 less than 500 American troops were there to defend it.
现在有54000人上岸来夺回它 Now 54,000 are coming ashore to wrestle it back.
登陆一小时后 Just an hour after landing,
陆战队遭遇来自1000英尺高的障碍物上的猛攻 marines take heavy fire from the top of a 1,000-foot barrier
乔尼托岭 called Chonito Ridge.
我看不见日本人 I couldn't see any Japanese,
但火力一直持续 but the fire was just sustained,
攻势很猛 really heavy fire.
海军陆战队被困在斜坡上整整两天 Marines get pinned on the slope for two straight days,
离山顶的敌人不到100码 barely 100 yards from the enemy at the top.
他们能做的就是把弹药扔回山上 All they can do is throw lead back uphill
希望它能击中些什么 and hope it hits something.
一名指挥官终于越过了山脊 One commander finally gets over the ridge.
他再也没有回来 He never comes back.
另一名海军陆战队员摔下山坡，双腿被子弹击中 Another marine tumbles downhill, shot through both legs.
日军有各种优势，包括重力 The Japanese have every advantage, including gravity.
他们开始往斜坡上扔手榴弹 They begin rolling hand grenades down the slope.
连续50个小时，士兵们都勇往直前 For 50 straight hours, men pick forward,
穿越无情的地势和无情的炮火 up the unforgiving terrain and through unrelenting fire.
最后，损失惨重的陆战队员瞥见他们在岭上的战友 Finally, the decimated marines glimpse their own comrades on the ridge top.
另一支部队已经爬上了乔尼托岭的背面 Another unit had scrambled up the back side of Chonito Ridge
最终占领了它 and finally won it over.
在关岛激战的两天后 After two days of fierce fighting on Guam,
从山顶看到的景色并不令人欣慰 the view from the top is not comforting.
登陆的海滩在他们身后 the landing beaches remain in sight behind them,
岛上的其余部分还在前面 and the rest of the island lay ahead.
美军从山脊上散开 From the ridge, Americans fan out.
一些人前往关岛的首府阿加纳 Some approach Guam's capital, Agana.
这段罕见的战前彩色录像显示 This rare prewar color footage reveals
阿加纳是个有着古老西班牙建筑的整洁城镇 Agana as a tidy town with old Spanish architecture,
俯瞰宁静的海岸 overlooking a peaceful shore.
现在它是一个瓦砾场 Now it's a debris field.
数世纪的历史化为废墟 Centuries of history lie in ruins.
对1898年起就驻扎关岛的海军陆战队来说 For marines stationed on Guam since 1898,
这里是另一个家 this was home away from home.
阿加纳受到美国的影响已超过40年 Agana had more than 40 years of American influence woven into it.
现在它被解放了，但也被毁灭了 Now it's liberated, but also obliterated,
主要是美国自己的炸弹 mostly by America's own bombs.
远离了前线 Away from the front lines,
美国人试图用一点建设来逃避破坏 Americans try to escape the destruction with a little construction...
像是把散兵坑变成家 ...like turning a foxhole into a home.
美国无所不能的文化正随着所有的军辎跨越太平洋 American can-do culture is crossing the pacific along with all the battle hardware.
军队以能够化腐朽为神奇而自豪 Troops take pride in making the best out of the worst.
有人甚至还在一艘失事登陆艇下面建立了生活区 One even builds his living quarters under a wrecked landing craft.
发现了其他物件，比如这件日本潜水服 Other found objects, like this Japanese diving suit,
给那些最需要的人带来欢笑 bring laughs to those who need them most.
一只流浪小狗带来了受欢迎的消遣 A stray puppy brings a welcome distraction.
他们叫她“清酒” They call her Sake,
名字的灵感来自于军队在一个 被占领的补给站里发现的大量藏酒 a name inspired by the deep stash of liquor troops find in a captured supply depot.
这可能是他们第一次接触日本文化 It's probably their first taste of Japanese culture.
但逃避现实是短暂的 But the escape from reality is brief.
随着战斗向北推进，双方继续互相攻击 As the battle moves north, both sides keep trading volleys.
用炸药把敌人从山洞里赶出来是肮脏的勾当 The nasty business of flushing the enemy out of caves brings out packs of raw dynamite.
莫尔·哈奇偷偷溜进一个山洞，里面藏着日本人 Merle Hatch sneaks up to a cave with Japanese hiding inside.
我们能听到他们说话 We could hear 'em talking.
我们的人用火焰喷射器喷了几分钟 Our guy fired his flamethrower in for a few minutes,
他们都死了 and they were all dead.
美国人丢下尸体，但是带上了几箱日本威士忌 Americans leave the bodies but take the crates of Japanese whisky.
日本人正在大批死亡 Japanese are dying by the score,
但他们也让美国为关岛的每一英里付出了代价 but they're making America pay for every mile of Guam.
就在他们一开始进攻的海滩上 On the same beaches they stormed at the start,
受伤的美国人正在返回海上 wounded Americans are heading back out to sea.
进攻部队来了，疏散部队走了 Invasion waves come in, and evacuation waves go out,
就像潮来潮去一样 as inevitable as the tide.
我很高兴自己能活着离开那个鬼地方 I was glad to be alive when I got off that damn place.
幸运的人可以侥幸离开，并且有一个好故事 The lucky ones can leave with a close call and a good story.
不幸的人则永远不能离开 The unlucky ones will never leave.
关岛和天宁岛的死亡形成了一片荒凉的景象 The dead on Guam and Tinian create a bleak landscape.
腐烂的尸体会带来疾病的风险 Decomposing bodies bring risk of disease,
谁也逃不掉那股恶臭 and there is no escaping the stench.
我们必须尽快掩埋他们，因为有臭味 We had to cover them quick because of the stink.
这很糟糕 It was bad.
美国人开始了一种可怕的例行公事 Americans begin a grisly routine.
军籍牌会寄给家人 Dog tags will be sent to family.
指纹将进入可怕数据库 Fingerprints will become part of a grim database.
只有在环境允许的情况下，才会有更多的荣誉和尊敬 There is only as much honor and reverence as circumstances allow.
最终，速度和效率胜出 In the end, speed and efficiency win out.
有时候根本不可能知道谁的尸体会被放在哪 Sometimes there was no way you could know whose body was going in where.
只有上帝知道 Only God knows.
美国人试图给每一个自己人的埋葬点标记 Americans try to give every one of their own a marked burial site.
但日本人的死亡人数往往要高出10倍 But the Japanese body count is often ten times higher.
面对每个岛上成千上万的尸体 Facing thousands of corpses on every island,
美国人只能仰仗万人坑 Americans resort to mass graves.
在这里，他们让日本战俘 Here, they make Japanese POWs
收集自己的战友进行坑葬 gather their own war dead for pit burial.
罕见的情况下，美国人给日本军官举行军人葬礼 In this rare case, Americans give a Japanese officer a military funeral.
他们在其他尸体中认出了他，并相应地向他致敬 They identified him among the other bodies and honor him accordingly.
但大多数人都将是匿名的 But most of the men will remain nameless.
太平洋战争中的每个岛屿都成了杀戮战场 Every island in the path of the Pacific War is becoming a killing field,
美国人很快就会决定下一个岛屿是谁 and Americans will soon decide which island is next.
1944年8月10日
8月10日，美国官方宣布关岛回到自己手中 On August 10th, officials declare Guam back in American hands.
中太平洋所有部队的总司令 Commander of all forces in the Central Pacific,
海军上将切斯特·尼米兹在那里参加升旗仪式 admiral Chester Nimitz is there for the flag raising.
尼米兹将很快把他的总部从珍珠港搬到关岛 Nimitz will soon move his headquarters from Pearl Harbor here to Guam.
他相信美国人横越太平洋会势不可挡 He is confident that the American push across the Pacific is unstoppable.
人力物力很快就会涌入关岛 Men and might will soon pour into Guam
并将其改造成美国军事基地 and transform it into a thundering U.S. military base
规模远超于战前 far larger than it was before the war.
当地人再也回不到他们从前的简单生活了 The locals will never return to the simpler lives they had before.
但微笑告诉我们，现在自由才是最重要的 But smiles reveal that freedom is all that matters right now.
美军终于控制了马里亚纳群岛 With Americans finally in control of the Marianas,
B-29将要离开亚洲大陆 the B-29 will move off mainland Asia.
柯特·勒梅在印度和中国的实验基本上失败了 Curt Lemay's experiment in India and China has largely failed.
事实证明，中国是一个可怕的 China had proved to be a horrible,
几乎不可能的后勤状况 almost impossible logistical situation,
我们知道这一点 and we knew it.
现在他将带着他的行动和他的摄像机到中太平洋 Now he'll bring his operation and his home movie camera to the Central Pacific.
美国军队一占领马里亚纳群岛 As soon as American forces captured the Marianas,
我们就搬到了关岛 we moved over to Guam.
马里亚纳群岛将是通往东京之路的起点 The Marianas would be the beginning of the end of the road to Tokyo.
在他的新基地，勒梅将成为战争史上 From his new base, Lemay will become the mastermind
迄今为止最具破坏性的轰炸袭击的策划者 of the most destructive bombing raids to date in the history of warfare.
美国的空中战略正在演变 The American air strategy is evolving,
但地面战略仍然生硬 but the ground strategy remains blunt--
把一批又一批的人送过太平洋 send wave after wave of men across the Pacific.
在夏威夷的军队正在为入侵日本本土进行训练 Here, troops in Hawaii train for a land invasion of Japan.
他们穿过一个日本小镇的模型 They run trough a mockup of a Japanese town.
罗斯福总统就在现场 President Roosevelt is on hand.
他在夏威夷参加一个重要会议 He's in Hawaii for a crucial meeting
策划太平洋战争的下一步 to plot the next steps of the Pacific War.
他召集了战场上的两名主要指挥官 He has summoned his two primary commanders in the field,
尼米兹上将和麦克阿瑟将军 admiral Nimitz and general MacArthur.
三人首次在巴尔的摩号见面 The trio first meets Baltimore.
每人都在镜头前表演—— Each plays to the cameras--
尼米兹穿着耀眼的白色礼服 Nimitz in his brilliant dress whites,
麦克阿瑟穿着他独特的皮夹克，尽管天气很热, MacArthur in his distinctive leather jacket, despite the heat,
而罗斯福坐着是为了隐藏自己不能走路的事实 and Roosevelt, seated to hide his inability to walk.
随着车队在部队的队列中行进 As the motorcade proceeds through military choreography,
每个人都各怀心思 each man's mind is surely turning.
即将召开的会议充满了酝酿已久的紧张气氛 The pending meeting is laced with long-simmering tension.
罗斯福曾经称麦克阿瑟为“美国最危险的人之一” Roosevelt once called MacArthur "one of the most dangerous men in America."
麦克阿瑟事后描述罗斯福是“只要能说谎就绝不说实话” MacArthur would later describe FDR as "a man who never told the truth if a lie would suffice."
在威基基的霍姆斯庄园郁郁葱葱的环境中 within the lush surroundings of the Holmes estates in Waikiki,
人们以晚餐结束了一天的盛典 the men conclude a day of pomp with dinner.
然后他们终于回到客厅 Then they finally retire to the living room.
尼米兹认为要进一步在太平洋中部推进 Nimitz argues that pushing farther up the Central Pacific
扼住日本本土，迫使日本投降 will choke off the Japanese mainland and force surrender.
麦克阿瑟只要求美国先夺回菲律宾 MacArthur all but demands that Americans retake the Philippines first.
这些人都很热情，但在镜头外 The men are cordial, but off camera,
麦克阿瑟并不耻于使争论升温 MacArthur isn't shy to raise the temperature of the argument.
罗斯福后来透露，从来没人像麦克阿瑟那样跟他说过话 Roosevelt later confides that nobody ever talked to him the way that MacArthur did.
这次会议为太平洋战争的下一阶段做好了准备 The meeting sets the table for the next phase of the Pacific War.
尼米兹将继续朝着大陆方向跳岛 Nimitz will continue island-hopping toward the mainland,
包括一个叫硫磺岛的多石无人区 including a rocky no-man's-land called Iwo Jima.
菲律宾问题终于提上了议程 The Philippines is finally on the agenda.
麦克阿瑟的登陆计划在十月 MacArthur's invasion is planned for October.
附近有一个带有日本机场的岛屿可能会引起麻烦 Nearby there's an island with a Japanese airfield that might cause trouble.
他们决定先解决这里 They decide to take that first.
它就是贝利琉 It's called Peleliu.
与更大的目标相比，贝利琉几乎是后知后觉 Compared to bigger targets, Peleliu is almost an afterthought.
一位将军认为，原本会是“速战速决” One general thinks it will be, quote, "A quickie."
有些记者为了寻找更大的新闻而离开 Some journalists peel off looking for bigger stories.
但对其中一些人来说，贝利琉将是他们一生的故事 But for some of these men, Peleliu will be the story of their lives.
那时我18岁 I was 18 years old.
我只参加了一场战斗 I was only in one battle.
但我在贝里琉打了两天仗 But the two days that I fought at Peleliu
是我一生中最重要的印记 marked my life more than anything else.
1944年9月15日
从地形到兵力 from the terrain to enemy strength,
美国人对他们要入侵的岛屿并不清楚 Americans do not have a clear picture of the island they're invading.
对于正在逼近的部队来说，情况再清楚不过了 For troops on approach, the picture is all too clear.
海滩上是一片火海 The beach was a sheet of flame
后面是一堵巨大的黑烟墙 backed by a huge wall of black smoke,
仿佛整座岛着火了 as though the island was on fire.
好了，大家都出来！ All right, everybody out!
美军刚刚在关岛和天宁岛取得胜利 Americans are fresh off victories at Guam and Tinian,
目的很明确，并按照计划进行 which had a clear sense of purpose and went according to plan.
但在太平洋战争中，谁的计划都不会执行地太久 But the Pacific War follows no one's plan for very long.